Melt the butter in a dutch oven over medium heat.
Add the shallots and onion and cook until soft, 3-5 minutes.
Add the sage leaves and cook until fragrant, 1 minute.
Add the butternut squash, salt and brown sugar. Cook for 10 minutes, stirring regualarly until slightly soft.
Pour in the chicken stock and stir to combine. Bring to a boil, turn down to a simmer and cook covered for 30-35 minutes or until squash is soft.
Add the heavy cream and stir to combine. Blend the soup in batches until very smooth. Set aside.
Add the Italian sausage to the dutch oven and cook over medium heat breaking the sausage into pieces. Cook for 6-7 minutes or until just before done.
Add the mushrooms and cook until soft and sausage is completely cooked, about 4 minutes.
Turn down to low and add the butternut squash soup back to the dutch oven and stir with sasuage and mushroom until completely mixed. Cook together for another 10 minutes.
Season with salt and pepper and top with heavy cream and goat cheese crumbles.